Я добавляю -print:

find /path -type f -print -exec chmod 644 {} \;

и в задаче прописываю changed_when:

- name: 'Set permissions in …'
  script: permissions_bla.sh
  register: permissions_result
  changed_when: permissions_result.stdout_lines|length > 0
  tags:
    - permissions
- name: 'List changed files in …'
  debug:
    var: permissions_result.stdout_lines
  when: permissions_result.stdout_lines is defined
    and permissions_result.stdout_lines|length > 0
  tags:
    - permissions