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NAME
DtStdAppFontNames - CDE Standard Application Font Names
SYNOPSIS
The CDE Standard Application Font Names are a set of generic
X Window System font names, usable by applications as their
default fonts, for the most common categories of type
designs and styles. These names, for at least six sizes of
13 typefaces, must be provided on all CDE systems, and they
should be provided in any X server product on which CDE
applications are expected to run. They are typically mapped
to existing fonts on the system using the font alias mechan-
ism, although this method is not required.
DESCRIPTION
CDE 1.0 does not come with a common set of fonts on all ven-
dors' systems, and both CDE itself and CDE applications must
be able to run on X servers and X terminals from non-CDE
vendors if those vendors so desire. Therefore, there are a
standard set of ``generic'' font names and sizes that each
CDE vendor makes available on their CDE systems and that
X server vendors may make available on their X servers and
terminals. The names map to existing fonts on each vendor's
system, which may vary from vendor to vendor.
The CDE Standard Application Font Names described here allow
applications to use a single set of default font specifica-
tions in their app-defaults files, without concern for the
system or X server on which CDE is running. These app-
defaults application defaults are given as XLFD font name
patterns that will match the standard CDE font names on all
CDE systems. This allows application developers both to
reduce their concern with selecting their default fonts from
a varying set of fonts on different CDE systems and to make
use of the system default fonts.
Background
Application fonts are the fonts used within an application,
where a wide variety of text designs, styles, weights and
point sizes are useful. These variations are used for
emphasis, cross-references, section headers, and so forth.
There are thousands of fonts available in the market for use
in applications, and different CDE systems will have dif-
ferent fonts. The standard names attempt to provide the
minimum variety in generic designs, styles and sizes that an
application might want to use as defaults. (The CDE Stan-
dard Interface Font Names, described in DtStdInter-
faceFontNames(5), provide a similar mechanism for the ele-
ments of the CDE desktop itself.)
Common application font names prevent applications from
needing different app-defaults files on each CDE system.
The Standard Application Font Names allow applications to
use a single app-defaults file across all CDE systems. In
addition, any X server or X terminal vendor may ensure that
CDE applications can run on their X server by mapping these
standard application names to fonts of the corresponding
style on their individual X systems.
Rationale
Two of the most common design variations in fonts used to
display text are the presence or absence of serifs and the
choice between proportional or regularly spaced (mono-
spaced) characters. Combining these two design variations
yields four ``generic'' font designs, or families:
o serif proportionally-spaced
o sans serif proportionally-spaced
o serif mono-spaced
o sans serif mono-spaced
Common examples of these four designs are:
o Times Roman
o Helvetica
o Courier
o Lucida Sans Typewriter
Each of these designs typically come, for text fonts, in
four styles (combinations of weight and slant):
o plain
o bold
o italic
o bold-italic
The four styles of each of the four design variations yield
16 generic font variations. These 16 generic fonts are
among the most commonly used in general desktop computing.
For example, taking the first three real examples above
(Times Roman, Helvetica, Courier), these 12 fonts, along
with the Symbol font, constitute the so-called ``Adobe 13''
that is a de facto minimum set of fonts in the PostScript
community in the desktop computer marketplace.
In some cases, applications do not care about the exact font
family or name to be used, but do need to use a mono-spaced
font, a sans serif font or a serif font. This CDE mechanism
allows such applications to be freed from the need to be
concerned about the exact font names that may or may not be
present on a particular CDE system.
The Standard Names for the Latin-1 Character Set
The 13 standard application font names are provided on all
CDE systems only for the ISO 8859 (Latin-1) character set.
These represent 12 generic design and style variations
(serif and sans serif proportionally-spaced, and a mono-
spaced font that is either serif or sans serif), as well as
a symbol font. These standard names are provided in addi-
tion to the ``real'' names of the fonts that the standard
names are mapped to for a particular CDE system. An addi-
tional four standard font names, to allow both serif and
sans serif designs in a mono-spaced font, may also be pro-
vided by a CDE system.
XLFD Field Values for the Standard Application Font Names
The standard names are available using the X Window System
XLFD font naming scheme. There are three aspects to the
standard names:
o The underlying font on each system, or X server plat-
form, to which a standard name is mapped, typically
will be different on each system.
o The standard name itself, a full XLFD name mapped to
the underlying font, may be different on each system in
some of the XLFD fields. However, most of the fields
are the same from system to system, allowing the pat-
terns (described next) to be the same.
o The font resource pattern containing the * wildcards,
used in app-defaults files, which will match the full
XLFD name of the standard name, is the same across all
systems, for a given use in an app-defaults file.
Each CDE or X server vendor implementing this specification
must provide full XLFD names for the standard names, mapped
to system-dependent underlying fonts, so that the XLFD pat-
terns used in CDE application app-defaults files will always
match one of the full XLFD names provided.
The Standard Application Font Names are identified by the
presence of the following XLFD field name values:
o FOUNDRY is dt
o FAMILY_NAME is application
o WEIGHT_NAME is medium or bold
o SLANT is r or i
o SETWIDTH is normal
o ADD_STYLE is sans for sans serif, serif for serif
o SPACING is p or m
o CHARSET_REGISTRY is iso8859
o CHARSET_ENCODING is 1
Although sans and serif are not required by the XLFD font
convention, they are always part of the standard CDE font
names.
Point Sizes
The complete set of point sizes available for each of the
standard application font names is determined by the set of
fonts included in a system, whether bitmapped only or both
bitmapped and scalable outline. The minimum set of sizes
required and available on all CDE systems corresponds to the
standard sizes of bitmapped fonts that make up the default
mapping for X11R5: 8, 10, 12, 14, 18 and 24.
For example, the entire set of six sizes of the plain
monospaced font, on any CDE system, is represented by:
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-80-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-100-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-140-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-180-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-240-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
These patterns will match the corresponding standard font
name on any CDE system, even though the PIXEL_SIZE and
AVERAGE_WIDTH numeric fields may be different on various
systems, and the matched fonts may be either serif or sans
serif, depending on the implementation of the set of stan-
dard names. The RESOLUTION fields in the XLFD names of the
underlying fonts, when those fonts are bitmapped fonts, must
match the resolution of the monitor on which the fonts are
displayed for the point sizes to be accurate. To provide
expected point size behavior for applications, systems
should ensure that the RESOLUTION_X and RESOLUTION_Y fields
of the underlying fonts vary no more than 20% from the real
monitor resolution of the displays on which the fonts will
be used.
Applications requesting point sizes different from the six
in the minimum set may obtain either ``scaled bitmapped''
fonts of the requested design, or scaled outline versions of
the requested design. This behavior requires that the X
server in question support the scaling of fonts and that the
standard names are mapped to underlying fonts that can be
scaled using this support.
Example XLFD Patterns for the Standard Names
Using the specified field values for these standard names,
subsets of the standard names can be represented with vari-
ous XLFD patterns. The XLFD pattern
-dt-application-*
logically matches the full set of XCDE Standard Application
Font Names. (Note that no specific X server behavior is
implied). The pattern
-dt-application-bold-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-p-*-*-*-
matches the bold, proportionally-spaced CDE fonts, both
serif and sans serif. And the pattern
-dt-application-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m-*-*-*-
matches the monospaced fonts (including both serif and sans
serif).
The full set of CDE Standard Application Font Names can be
represented with the following patterns:
-dt-application-bold-i-normal-serif-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-bold-r-normal-serif-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-i-normal-serif-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-serif-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-bold-i-normal-sans-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-bold-r-normal-sans-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-i-normal-sans-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-sans-*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-bold-i-normal-*-*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-bold-r-normal-*-*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-i-normal-*-*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-dt-application-medium-r-normal-*-*-*-*-*-p-*-dtsymbol-1
Each of these 13 standard names comes in at least six point
sizes.
Implementation of Font Names
Each CDE system vendor and X server vendor provides mappings
of their own fonts to XLFD names meeting this standard, so
that CDE applications will work on their system. The actual
XLFD names will vary from system to system, just as the
fonts they are mapped to, since they contain some of the
same values as the XLFD name of the underlying font. What
does not vary is the behavior: the common patterns in which
only specified fields are used will match each system's
standard names. This is guaranteed by the field specifica-
tions given earlier.
The following requirements are placed on each CDE or
X server vendor's implementation of the Standard Application
Font Names:
o The names must be fully specified XLFD names, without
wild cards.
o The WEIGHT_NAME, SLANT, SETWIDTH_NAME, SPACING,
CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING fields must con-
tain valid values as defined previously and must match
those in the underlying font.
o The ADD_STYLE_NAME field must contain either the serif
or sans designation, whichever matches the underlying
font.
Default CDE Mappings for Latin-1 Locales
The default mapping of these standard application font names
for the ISO 8859 locales is to the following standard X11R5
bitmapped fonts (the six minimum sizes are not shown expli-
citly in these patterns):
-adobe-times-bold-i-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-times-bold-r-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-times-medium-i-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-times-medium-r-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-helvetica-bold-o-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-helvetica-medium-o-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-courier-medium-o-normal--*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--*-*-*-*-m-*-iso8859-1
-adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-adobe-fontspecific
A system may provide a different mapping of these standard
names as long as all 13 names map to fonts of the appropri-
ate design and style and the required six point sizes are
available. The system documentation must document the
system-specific default mapping for the standard names.
Font Names in app-defaults Files
An application can use a single app-defaults file to specify
font resources and use it across all CDE systems. Since
most of the fields (FOUNDRY, FAMILY_NAME, WEIGHT_NAME,
SLANT, SETWIDTH_NAME, ADD_STYLE_NAME, POINT_SIZE, SPACING,
CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING) of the standard names
are the same across different systems, these values can be
used in the resource specification in the app-defaults file.
However, other fields (PIXEL_SIZE, RESOLUTION_X,
RESOLUTION_Y and AVERAGE_WIDTH) may vary across systems, and
so must be wild-carded in the resource specification. For
example:
appOne*headFont: -dt-application-bold-r-normal-sans-*-140-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
appOne*linkFont: -dt-application-bold-i-normal-sans-*-100-*-*-p-*-iso8859-1
might be used to specify some of AppOne's default font
resource needs.
Other Character Sets in the Common Locales
The standard application font names defined above are for
use in locales using the ISO 8859 character set only. For
other locales supported by CDE, there are no fonts
guaranteed to be included. However, for the following
locales, it is recommended that systems provide fonts with
the following XLFD attribute values, and that they be acces-
sible using these names. For full information on how ven-
dors, if they ship the recommended fonts, would make such
names usable with the appropriate font base name lists
required for correct CDE support for internationalization,
see the guidelines in the CDE Internationalization Program-
ming Guide document.
Locales using ISO 8859-2, -3, -4, -5 (Cyrillic), -
7 (Greek):
The same values for FOUNDRY, FAMILY_NAME,
WEIGHT_NAME, SLANT, SET_WIDTH, ADD_STYLE and SPAC-
ING as are used in this definition for the ISO 8859
locale are recommended.
Japanese locales:
Two values for the FAMILY_NAME attribute (Gothic
and Mincho) and two values for the WEIGHT attribute
(medium and bold) are recommended.
Chinese (Taiwan) locales:
Two values for the FAMILY_NAME attribute (Sung and
Kai) and two values for the WEIGHT attribute
(medium and bold) are recommended.
Chinese (PRC) locales:
Two values for the FAMILY_NAME attribute (Song and
Kai) and two values for the WEIGHT attribute
(medium and bold) are recommended.
Korean locales:
Two values for the FAMILY_NAME attribute (Totum and
Pathang) and two values for the WEIGHT attribute
(medium and bold) are recommended. Note that these
names are unofficial, tentative romanizations of
the two common font families in use in Korea; Totum
corresponds to fonts typically shipped as Gothic,
Kodig or Dotum and Pathang corresponds to fonts
typically shipped as Myungjo or Myeongjo. The
official roman names for these fonts are under
review and may be changed in the future by the
Korean government, and thus may change for CDE.
SEE ALSO
dtstyle(1), dtterm(1), DtStdInterfaceFontNames(5)
NOTES
There is no requirement on a CDE system to implement these
standard names in a particular way. Several mechanisms are
possible: duplicate font files with altered naming attri-
butes, X11R5 font aliases, or vendor-specific mechanisms.
The only requirement is that an XLFD pattern, written with
attributes taken from the set that define the standard
names, can be successfully used to open a font with the Xlib
function XLoadFont; and, specifically, the Xlib function
XListFonts need NOT return the same XLFD names for the pat-
tern on different CDE systems.
CDE applications should, of course, be written to behave in
a reasonable manner if these standard font names are not
available on a particular X server. This is typically done
in an X application by defaulting to the fixed and variable
fonts.
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