Author: Jeongjun Park <aha310510@gmail.com>
Date: Sun Sep 28 02:39:24 2025 +0900
ALSA: usb-audio: fix race condition to UAF in snd_usbmidi_free
commit 9f2c0ac1423d5f267e7f1d1940780fc764b0fee3 upstream.
The previous commit 0718a78f6a9f ("ALSA: usb-audio: Kill timer properly at
removal") patched a UAF issue caused by the error timer.
However, because the error timer kill added in this patch occurs after the
endpoint delete, a race condition to UAF still occurs, albeit rarely.
Additionally, since kill-cleanup for urb is also missing, freed memory can
be accessed in interrupt context related to urb, which can cause UAF.
Therefore, to prevent this, error timer and urb must be killed before
freeing the heap memory.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-by: syzbot+f02665daa2abeef4a947@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=f02665daa2abeef4a947
Fixes: 0718a78f6a9f ("ALSA: usb-audio: Kill timer properly at removal")
Signed-off-by: Jeongjun Park <aha310510@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@oss.qualcomm.com>
Date: Mon Aug 25 11:12:45 2025 +0100
ASoC: qcom: audioreach: fix potential null pointer dereference
commit 8318e04ab2526b155773313b66a1542476ce1106 upstream.
It is possible that the topology parsing function
audioreach_widget_load_module_common() could return NULL or an error
pointer. Add missing NULL check so that we do not dereference it.
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Cc: Stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 36ad9bf1d93d ("ASoC: qdsp6: audioreach: add topology support")
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250825101247.152619-2-srinivas.kandagatla@oss.qualcomm.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
Date: Thu Aug 21 14:06:12 2025 +0800
blk-mq: fix blk_mq_tags double free while nr_requests grown
commit ba28afbd9eff2a6370f23ef4e6a036ab0cfda409 upstream.
In the case user trigger tags grow by queue sysfs attribute nr_requests,
hctx->sched_tags will be freed directly and replaced with a new
allocated tags, see blk_mq_tag_update_depth().
The problem is that hctx->sched_tags is from elevator->et->tags, while
et->tags is still the freed tags, hence later elevator exit will try to
free the tags again, causing kernel panic.
Fix this problem by replacing et->tags with new allocated tags as well.
Noted there are still some long term problems that will require some
refactor to be fixed thoroughly[1].
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250815080216.410665-1-yukuai1@huaweicloud.com/
Fixes: f5a6604f7a44 ("block: fix lockdep warning caused by lock dependency in elv_iosched_store")
Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Nilay Shroff <nilay@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Li Nan <linan122@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250821060612.1729939-3-yukuai1@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Date: Sat Sep 20 16:45:23 2025 -0700
gcc-plugins: Remove TODO_verify_il for GCC >= 16
commit a40282dd3c484e6c882e93f4680e0a3ef3814453 upstream.
GCC now runs TODO_verify_il automatically[1], so it is no longer exposed to
plugins. Only use the flag on GCC < 16.
Link: https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=commit;h=9739ae9384dd7cd3bb1c7683d6b80b7a9116eaf8 [1]
Suggested-by: Christopher Fore <csfore@posteo.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250920234519.work.915-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Date: Mon Oct 6 11:20:06 2025 +0200
Linux 6.17.1
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251003160359.831046052@linuxfoundation.org
Tested-by: Florian Fainelli <florian.fainelli@broadcom.com>
Tested-by: Ronald Warsow <rwarsow@gmx.de>
Tested-by: Justin M. Forbes <jforbes@fedoraproject.org>
Tested-by: Brett A C Sheffield <bacs@librecast.net>
Tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Tested-by: Ron Economos <re@w6rz.net>
Tested-by: Peter Schneider <pschneider1968@googlemail.com>
Tested-by: Takeshi Ogasawara <takeshi.ogasawara@futuring-girl.com>
Tested-by: Dileep Malepu <dileep.debian@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
Date: Wed Sep 17 17:59:26 2025 +0800
media: b2c2: Fix use-after-free causing by irq_check_work in flexcop_pci_remove
commit 01e03fb7db419d39e18d6090d4873c1bff103914 upstream.
The original code uses cancel_delayed_work() in flexcop_pci_remove(), which
does not guarantee that the delayed work item irq_check_work has fully
completed if it was already running. This leads to use-after-free scenarios
where flexcop_pci_remove() may free the flexcop_device while irq_check_work
is still active and attempts to dereference the device.
A typical race condition is illustrated below:
CPU 0 (remove) | CPU 1 (delayed work callback)
flexcop_pci_remove() | flexcop_pci_irq_check_work()
cancel_delayed_work() |
flexcop_device_kfree(fc_pci->fc_dev) |
| fc = fc_pci->fc_dev; // UAF
This is confirmed by a KASAN report:
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
Write of size 8 at addr ffff8880093aa8c8 by task bash/135
...
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
dump_stack_lvl+0x55/0x70
print_report+0xcf/0x610
? __run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0
? __run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
__run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
? __pfx___run_timer_base.part.0+0x10/0x10
? __pfx_read_tsc+0x10/0x10
? ktime_get+0x60/0x140
? lapic_next_event+0x11/0x20
? clockevents_program_event+0x1d4/0x2a0
run_timer_softirq+0xd1/0x190
handle_softirqs+0x16a/0x550
irq_exit_rcu+0xaf/0xe0
sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x70/0x80
</IRQ>
...
Allocated by task 1:
kasan_save_stack+0x24/0x50
kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30
__kasan_kmalloc+0x7f/0x90
__kmalloc_noprof+0x1be/0x460
flexcop_device_kmalloc+0x54/0xe0
flexcop_pci_probe+0x1f/0x9d0
local_pci_probe+0xdc/0x190
pci_device_probe+0x2fe/0x470
really_probe+0x1ca/0x5c0
__driver_probe_device+0x248/0x310
driver_probe_device+0x44/0x120
__driver_attach+0xd2/0x310
bus_for_each_dev+0xed/0x170
bus_add_driver+0x208/0x500
driver_register+0x132/0x460
do_one_initcall+0x89/0x300
kernel_init_freeable+0x40d/0x720
kernel_init+0x1a/0x150
ret_from_fork+0x10c/0x1a0
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
Freed by task 135:
kasan_save_stack+0x24/0x50
kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30
kasan_save_free_info+0x3a/0x60
__kasan_slab_free+0x3f/0x50
kfree+0x137/0x370
flexcop_device_kfree+0x32/0x50
pci_device_remove+0xa6/0x1d0
device_release_driver_internal+0xf8/0x210
pci_stop_bus_device+0x105/0x150
pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device_locked+0x15/0x30
remove_store+0xcc/0xe0
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x2c3/0x440
vfs_write+0x871/0xd70
ksys_write+0xee/0x1c0
do_syscall_64+0xac/0x280
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
...
Replace cancel_delayed_work() with cancel_delayed_work_sync() to ensure
that the delayed work item is properly canceled and any executing delayed
work has finished before the device memory is deallocated.
This bug was initially identified through static analysis. To reproduce
and test it, I simulated the B2C2 FlexCop PCI device in QEMU and introduced
artificial delays within the flexcop_pci_irq_check_work() function to
increase the likelihood of triggering the bug.
Fixes: 382c5546d618 ("V4L/DVB (10694): [PATCH] software IRQ watchdog for Flexcop B2C2 DVB PCI cards")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil+cisco@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
Date: Wed Sep 17 17:57:42 2025 +0800
media: i2c: tc358743: Fix use-after-free bugs caused by orphan timer in probe
commit 79d10f4f21a92e459b2276a77be62c59c1502c9d upstream.
The state->timer is a cyclic timer that schedules work_i2c_poll and
delayed_work_enable_hotplug, while rearming itself. Using timer_delete()
fails to guarantee the timer isn't still running when destroyed, similarly
cancel_delayed_work() cannot ensure delayed_work_enable_hotplug has
terminated if already executing. During probe failure after timer
initialization, these may continue running as orphans and reference the
already-freed tc358743_state object through tc358743_irq_poll_timer.
The following is the trace captured by KASAN.
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
Write of size 8 at addr ffff88800ded83c8 by task swapper/1/0
...
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
dump_stack_lvl+0x55/0x70
print_report+0xcf/0x610
? __pfx_sched_balance_find_src_group+0x10/0x10
? __run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0
? __run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
__run_timer_base.part.0+0x7d7/0x8c0
? rcu_sched_clock_irq+0xb06/0x27d0
? __pfx___run_timer_base.part.0+0x10/0x10
? try_to_wake_up+0xb15/0x1960
? tmigr_update_events+0x280/0x740
? _raw_spin_lock_irq+0x80/0xe0
? __pfx__raw_spin_lock_irq+0x10/0x10
tmigr_handle_remote_up+0x603/0x7e0
? __pfx_tmigr_handle_remote_up+0x10/0x10
? sched_balance_trigger+0x98/0x9f0
? sched_tick+0x221/0x5a0
? _raw_spin_lock_irq+0x80/0xe0
? __pfx__raw_spin_lock_irq+0x10/0x10
? tick_nohz_handler+0x339/0x440
? __pfx_tmigr_handle_remote_up+0x10/0x10
__walk_groups.isra.0+0x42/0x150
tmigr_handle_remote+0x1f4/0x2e0
? __pfx_tmigr_handle_remote+0x10/0x10
? ktime_get+0x60/0x140
? lapic_next_event+0x11/0x20
? clockevents_program_event+0x1d4/0x2a0
? hrtimer_interrupt+0x322/0x780
handle_softirqs+0x16a/0x550
irq_exit_rcu+0xaf/0xe0
sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x70/0x80
</IRQ>
...
Allocated by task 141:
kasan_save_stack+0x24/0x50
kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30
__kasan_kmalloc+0x7f/0x90
__kmalloc_node_track_caller_noprof+0x198/0x430
devm_kmalloc+0x7b/0x1e0
tc358743_probe+0xb7/0x610 i2c_device_probe+0x51d/0x880
really_probe+0x1ca/0x5c0
__driver_probe_device+0x248/0x310
driver_probe_device+0x44/0x120
__device_attach_driver+0x174/0x220
bus_for_each_drv+0x100/0x190
__device_attach+0x206/0x370
bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170
device_add+0xd25/0x1470
i2c_new_client_device+0x7a0/0xcd0
do_one_initcall+0x89/0x300
do_init_module+0x29d/0x7f0
load_module+0x4f48/0x69e0
init_module_from_file+0xe4/0x150
idempotent_init_module+0x320/0x670
__x64_sys_finit_module+0xbd/0x120
do_syscall_64+0xac/0x280
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Freed by task 141:
kasan_save_stack+0x24/0x50
kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30
kasan_save_free_info+0x3a/0x60
__kasan_slab_free+0x3f/0x50
kfree+0x137/0x370
release_nodes+0xa4/0x100
devres_release_group+0x1b2/0x380
i2c_device_probe+0x694/0x880
really_probe+0x1ca/0x5c0
__driver_probe_device+0x248/0x310
driver_probe_device+0x44/0x120
__device_attach_driver+0x174/0x220
bus_for_each_drv+0x100/0x190
__device_attach+0x206/0x370
bus_probe_device+0x123/0x170
device_add+0xd25/0x1470
i2c_new_client_device+0x7a0/0xcd0
do_one_initcall+0x89/0x300
do_init_module+0x29d/0x7f0
load_module+0x4f48/0x69e0
init_module_from_file+0xe4/0x150
idempotent_init_module+0x320/0x670
__x64_sys_finit_module+0xbd/0x120
do_syscall_64+0xac/0x280
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
...
Replace timer_delete() with timer_delete_sync() and cancel_delayed_work()
with cancel_delayed_work_sync() to ensure proper termination of timer and
work items before resource cleanup.
This bug was initially identified through static analysis. For reproduction
and testing, I created a functional emulation of the tc358743 device via a
kernel module and introduced faults through the debugfs interface.
Fixes: 869f38ae07f7 ("media: i2c: tc358743: Fix crash in the probe error path when using polling")
Fixes: d32d98642de6 ("[media] Driver for Toshiba TC358743 HDMI to CSI-2 bridge")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil+cisco@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Dikshita Agarwal <dikshita.agarwal@oss.qualcomm.com>
Date: Mon Aug 25 12:30:27 2025 +0530
media: iris: Fix memory leak by freeing untracked persist buffer
commit 02a24f13b3a1d9da9f3de56aa5fdb7cc1fe167a2 upstream.
One internal buffer which is allocated only once per session was not
being freed during session close because it was not being tracked as
part of internal buffer list which resulted in a memory leak.
Add the necessary logic to explicitly free the untracked internal buffer
during session close to ensure all allocated memory is released
properly.
Fixes: 73702f45db81 ("media: iris: allocate, initialize and queue internal buffers")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Vikash Garodia <quic_vgarodia@quicinc.com>
Tested-by: Vikash Garodia <quic_vgarodia@quicinc.com> # X1E80100
Tested-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org> # on SM8550-HDK
Tested-by: Neil Armstrong <neil.armstrong@linaro.org> # on SM8650-HDK
Signed-off-by: Dikshita Agarwal <quic_dikshita@quicinc.com>
Tested-by: Bryan O'Donoghue <bryan.odonoghue@linaro.org> # x1e80100-crd
Signed-off-by: Bryan O'Donoghue <bod@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil+cisco@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Larshin Sergey <Sergey.Larshin@kaspersky.com>
Date: Tue Jul 29 13:13:32 2025 +0300
media: rc: fix races with imon_disconnect()
commit fa0f61cc1d828178aa921475a9b786e7fbb65ccb upstream.
Syzbot reports a KASAN issue as below:
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __create_pipe include/linux/usb.h:1945 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in send_packet+0xa2d/0xbc0 drivers/media/rc/imon.c:627
Read of size 4 at addr ffff8880256fb000 by task syz-executor314/4465
CPU: 2 PID: 4465 Comm: syz-executor314 Not tainted 6.0.0-rc1-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.14.0-2 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:317 [inline]
print_report.cold+0x2ba/0x6e9 mm/kasan/report.c:433
kasan_report+0xb1/0x1e0 mm/kasan/report.c:495
__create_pipe include/linux/usb.h:1945 [inline]
send_packet+0xa2d/0xbc0 drivers/media/rc/imon.c:627
vfd_write+0x2d9/0x550 drivers/media/rc/imon.c:991
vfs_write+0x2d7/0xdd0 fs/read_write.c:576
ksys_write+0x127/0x250 fs/read_write.c:631
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
The iMON driver improperly releases the usb_device reference in
imon_disconnect without coordinating with active users of the
device.
Specifically, the fields usbdev_intf0 and usbdev_intf1 are not
protected by the users counter (ictx->users). During probe,
imon_init_intf0 or imon_init_intf1 increments the usb_device
reference count depending on the interface. However, during
disconnect, usb_put_dev is called unconditionally, regardless of
actual usage.
As a result, if vfd_write or other operations are still in
progress after disconnect, this can lead to a use-after-free of
the usb_device pointer.
Thread 1 vfd_write Thread 2 imon_disconnect
...
if
usb_put_dev(ictx->usbdev_intf0)
else
usb_put_dev(ictx->usbdev_intf1)
...
while
send_packet
if
pipe = usb_sndintpipe(
ictx->usbdev_intf0) UAF
else
pipe = usb_sndctrlpipe(
ictx->usbdev_intf0, 0) UAF
Guard access to usbdev_intf0 and usbdev_intf1 after disconnect by
checking ictx->disconnected in all writer paths. Add early return
with -ENODEV in send_packet(), vfd_write(), lcd_write() and
display_open() if the device is no longer present.
Set and read ictx->disconnected under ictx->lock to ensure memory
synchronization. Acquire the lock in imon_disconnect() before setting
the flag to synchronize with any ongoing operations.
Ensure writers exit early and safely after disconnect before the USB
core proceeds with cleanup.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.
Reported-by: syzbot+f1a69784f6efe748c3bf@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=f1a69784f6efe748c3bf
Fixes: 21677cfc562a ("V4L/DVB: ir-core: add imon driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Larshin Sergey <Sergey.Larshin@kaspersky.com>
Signed-off-by: Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil+cisco@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Chandra Mohan Sundar <chandramohan.explore@gmail.com>
Date: Mon Aug 18 15:01:57 2025 +0530
media: stm32-csi: Fix dereference before NULL check
commit 80eaf32672871bd2623ce6ba13ffc1f018756580 upstream.
In 'stm32_csi_start', 'csidev->s_subdev' is dereferenced directly while
assigning a value to the 'src_pad'. However the same value is being
checked against NULL at a later point of time indicating that there
are chances that the value can be NULL.
Move the dereference after the NULL check.
Fixes: e7bad98c205d1 ("media: v4l: Convert the users of v4l2_get_link_freq to call it on a pad")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Chandra Mohan Sundar <chandramohan.explore@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil+cisco@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
Date: Wed Sep 17 17:56:08 2025 +0800
media: tuner: xc5000: Fix use-after-free in xc5000_release
commit 40b7a19f321e65789612ebaca966472055dab48c upstream.
The original code uses cancel_delayed_work() in xc5000_release(), which
does not guarantee that the delayed work item timer_sleep has fully
completed if it was already running. This leads to use-after-free scenarios
where xc5000_release() may free the xc5000_priv while timer_sleep is still
active and attempts to dereference the xc5000_priv.
A typical race condition is illustrated below:
CPU 0 (release thread) | CPU 1 (delayed work callback)
xc5000_release() | xc5000_do_timer_sleep()
cancel_delayed_work() |
hybrid_tuner_release_state(priv) |
kfree(priv) |
| priv = container_of() // UAF
Replace cancel_delayed_work() with cancel_delayed_work_sync() to ensure
that the timer_sleep is properly canceled before the xc5000_priv memory
is deallocated.
A deadlock concern was considered: xc5000_release() is called in a process
context and is not holding any locks that the timer_sleep work item might
also need. Therefore, the use of the _sync() variant is safe here.
This bug was initially identified through static analysis.
Fixes: f7a27ff1fb77 ("[media] xc5000: delay tuner sleep to 5 seconds")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil+cisco@kernel.org>
[hverkuil: fix typo in Subject: tunner -> tuner]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo <cascardo@igalia.com>
Date: Wed Aug 20 16:08:16 2025 +0000
media: uvcvideo: Mark invalid entities with id UVC_INVALID_ENTITY_ID
commit 0e2ee70291e64a30fe36960c85294726d34a103e upstream.
Per UVC 1.1+ specification 3.7.2, units and terminals must have a non-zero
unique ID.
```
Each Unit and Terminal within the video function is assigned a unique
identification number, the Unit ID (UID) or Terminal ID (TID), contained in
the bUnitID or bTerminalID field of the descriptor. The value 0x00 is
reserved for undefined ID,
```
If we add a new entity with id 0 or a duplicated ID, it will be marked
as UVC_INVALID_ENTITY_ID.
In a previous attempt commit 3dd075fe8ebb ("media: uvcvideo: Require
entities to have a non-zero unique ID"), we ignored all the invalid units,
this broke a lot of non-compatible cameras. Hopefully we are more lucky
this time.
This also prevents some syzkaller reproducers from triggering warnings due
to a chain of entities referring to themselves. In one particular case, an
Output Unit is connected to an Input Unit, both with the same ID of 1. But
when looking up for the source ID of the Output Unit, that same entity is
found instead of the input entity, which leads to such warnings.
In another case, a backward chain was considered finished as the source ID
was 0. Later on, that entity was found, but its pads were not valid.
Here is a sample stack trace for one of those cases.
[ 20.650953] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using dummy_hcd
[ 20.830206] usb 1-1: Using ep0 maxpacket: 8
[ 20.833501] usb 1-1: config 0 descriptor??
[ 21.038518] usb 1-1: string descriptor 0 read error: -71
[ 21.038893] usb 1-1: Found UVC 0.00 device <unnamed> (2833:0201)
[ 21.039299] uvcvideo 1-1:0.0: Entity type for entity Output 1 was not initialized!
[ 21.041583] uvcvideo 1-1:0.0: Entity type for entity Input 1 was not initialized!
[ 21.042218] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 21.042536] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9 at drivers/media/mc/mc-entity.c:1147 media_create_pad_link+0x2c4/0x2e0
[ 21.043195] Modules linked in:
[ 21.043535] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9 Comm: kworker/0:1 Not tainted 6.11.0-rc7-00030-g3480e43aeccf #444
[ 21.044101] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014
[ 21.044639] Workqueue: usb_hub_wq hub_event
[ 21.045100] RIP: 0010:media_create_pad_link+0x2c4/0x2e0
[ 21.045508] Code: fe e8 20 01 00 00 b8 f4 ff ff ff 48 83 c4 30 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d c3 cc cc cc cc 0f 0b eb e9 0f 0b eb 0a 0f 0b eb 06 <0f> 0b eb 02 0f 0b b8 ea ff ff ff eb d4 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00
[ 21.046801] RSP: 0018:ffffc9000004b318 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 21.047227] RAX: ffff888004e5d458 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff818fccf1
[ 21.047719] RDX: 000000000000007b RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff888004313290
[ 21.048241] RBP: ffff888004313290 R08: 0001ffffffffffff R09: 0000000000000000
[ 21.048701] R10: 0000000000000013 R11: 0001888004313290 R12: 0000000000000003
[ 21.049138] R13: ffff888004313080 R14: ffff888004313080 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 21.049648] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88803ec00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 21.050271] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 21.050688] CR2: 0000592cc27635b0 CR3: 000000000431c000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0
[ 21.051136] PKRU: 55555554
[ 21.051331] Call Trace:
[ 21.051480] <TASK>
[ 21.051611] ? __warn+0xc4/0x210
[ 21.051861] ? media_create_pad_link+0x2c4/0x2e0
[ 21.052252] ? report_bug+0x11b/0x1a0
[ 21.052540] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0x31/0x40
[ 21.052901] ? handle_bug+0x3d/0x70
[ 21.053197] ? exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x50
[ 21.053511] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20
[ 21.053924] ? media_create_pad_link+0x91/0x2e0
[ 21.054364] ? media_create_pad_link+0x2c4/0x2e0
[ 21.054834] ? media_create_pad_link+0x91/0x2e0
[ 21.055131] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x1e/0x40
[ 21.055441] ? __v4l2_device_register_subdev+0x202/0x210
[ 21.055837] uvc_mc_register_entities+0x358/0x400
[ 21.056144] uvc_register_chains+0x1fd/0x290
[ 21.056413] uvc_probe+0x380e/0x3dc0
[ 21.056676] ? __lock_acquire+0x5aa/0x26e0
[ 21.056946] ? find_held_lock+0x33/0xa0
[ 21.057196] ? kernfs_activate+0x70/0x80
[ 21.057533] ? usb_match_dynamic_id+0x1b/0x70
[ 21.057811] ? find_held_lock+0x33/0xa0
[ 21.058047] ? usb_match_dynamic_id+0x55/0x70
[ 21.058330] ? lock_release+0x124/0x260
[ 21.058657] ? usb_match_one_id_intf+0xa2/0x100
[ 21.058997] usb_probe_interface+0x1ba/0x330
[ 21.059399] really_probe+0x1ba/0x4c0
[ 21.059662] __driver_probe_device+0xb2/0x180
[ 21.059944] driver_probe_device+0x5a/0x100
[ 21.060170] __device_attach_driver+0xe9/0x160
[ 21.060427] ? __pfx___device_attach_driver+0x10/0x10
[ 21.060872] bus_for_each_drv+0xa9/0x100
[ 21.061312] __device_attach+0xed/0x190
[ 21.061812] device_initial_probe+0xe/0x20
[ 21.062229] bus_probe_device+0x4d/0xd0
[ 21.062590] device_add+0x308/0x590
[ 21.062912] usb_set_configuration+0x7b6/0xaf0
[ 21.063403] usb_generic_driver_probe+0x36/0x80
[ 21.063714] usb_probe_device+0x7b/0x130
[ 21.063936] really_probe+0x1ba/0x4c0
[ 21.064111] __driver_probe_device+0xb2/0x180
[ 21.064577] driver_probe_device+0x5a/0x100
[ 21.065019] __device_attach_driver+0xe9/0x160
[ 21.065403] ? __pfx___device_attach_driver+0x10/0x10
[ 21.065820] bus_for_each_drv+0xa9/0x100
[ 21.066094] __device_attach+0xed/0x190
[ 21.066535] device_initial_probe+0xe/0x20
[ 21.066992] bus_probe_device+0x4d/0xd0
[ 21.067250] device_add+0x308/0x590
[ 21.067501] usb_new_device+0x347/0x610
[ 21.067817] hub_event+0x156b/0x1e30
[ 21.068060] ? process_scheduled_works+0x48b/0xaf0
[ 21.068337] process_scheduled_works+0x5a3/0xaf0
[ 21.068668] worker_thread+0x3cf/0x560
[ 21.068932] ? kthread+0x109/0x1b0
[ 21.069133] kthread+0x197/0x1b0
[ 21.069343] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
[ 21.069598] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[ 21.069908] ret_from_fork+0x32/0x40
[ 21.070169] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[ 21.070424] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
[ 21.070737] </TASK>
Reported-by: syzbot+0584f746fde3d52b4675@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=0584f746fde3d52b4675
Reported-by: syzbot+dd320d114deb3f5bb79b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=dd320d114deb3f5bb79b
Reported-by: Youngjun Lee <yjjuny.lee@samsung.com>
Fixes: a3fbc2e6bb05 ("media: mc-entity.c: use WARN_ON, validate link pads")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo <cascardo@igalia.com>
Co-developed-by: Ricardo Ribalda <ribalda@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Ribalda <ribalda@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans de Goede <hansg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hansg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil+cisco@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Charan Teja Kalla <charan.kalla@oss.qualcomm.com>
Date: Wed Sep 24 23:41:38 2025 +0530
mm: swap: check for stable address space before operating on the VMA
commit 1367da7eb875d01102d2ed18654b24d261ff5393 upstream.
It is possible to hit a zero entry while traversing the vmas in unuse_mm()
called from swapoff path and accessing it causes the OOPS:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address
0000000000000446--> Loading the memory from offset 0x40 on the
XA_ZERO_ENTRY as address.
Mem abort info:
ESR = 0x0000000096000005
EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
SET = 0, FnV = 0
EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
FSC = 0x05: level 1 translation fault
The issue is manifested from the below race between the fork() on a
process and swapoff:
fork(dup_mmap()) swapoff(unuse_mm)
--------------- -----------------
1) Identical mtree is built using
__mt_dup().
2) copy_pte_range()-->
copy_nonpresent_pte():
The dst mm is added into the
mmlist to be visible to the
swapoff operation.
3) Fatal signal is sent to the parent
process(which is the current during the
fork) thus skip the duplication of the
vmas and mark the vma range with
XA_ZERO_ENTRY as a marker for this process
that helps during exit_mmap().
4) swapoff is tried on the
'mm' added to the 'mmlist' as
part of the 2.
5) unuse_mm(), that iterates
through the vma's of this 'mm'
will hit the non-NULL zero entry
and operating on this zero entry
as a vma is resulting into the
oops.
The proper fix would be around not exposing this partially-valid tree to
others when droping the mmap lock, which is being solved with [1]. A
simpler solution would be checking for MMF_UNSTABLE, as it is set if
mm_struct is not fully initialized in dup_mmap().
Thanks to Liam/Lorenzo/David for all the suggestions in fixing this
issue.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250924181138.1762750-1-charan.kalla@oss.qualcomm.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250815191031.3769540-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com/ [1]
Fixes: d24062914837 ("fork: use __mt_dup() to duplicate maple tree in dup_mmap()")
Signed-off-by: Charan Teja Kalla <charan.kalla@oss.qualcomm.com>
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Peng Zhang <zhangpeng.00@bytedance.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Wang Haoran <haoranwangsec@gmail.com>
Date: Sat Sep 20 15:44:41 2025 +0800
scsi: target: target_core_configfs: Add length check to avoid buffer overflow
commit 27e06650a5eafe832a90fd2604f0c5e920857fae upstream.
A buffer overflow arises from the usage of snprintf to write into the
buffer "buf" in target_lu_gp_members_show function located in
/drivers/target/target_core_configfs.c. This buffer is allocated with
size LU_GROUP_NAME_BUF (256 bytes).
snprintf(...) formats multiple strings into buf with the HBA name
(hba->hba_group.cg_item), a slash character, a devicename (dev->
dev_group.cg_item) and a newline character, the total formatted string
length may exceed the buffer size of 256 bytes.
Since snprintf() returns the total number of bytes that would have been
written (the length of %s/%sn ), this value may exceed the buffer length
(256 bytes) passed to memcpy(), this will ultimately cause function
memcpy reporting a buffer overflow error.
An additional check of the return value of snprintf() can avoid this
buffer overflow.
Reported-by: Wang Haoran <haoranwangsec@gmail.com>
Reported-by: ziiiro <yuanmingbuaa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wang Haoran <haoranwangsec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Matvey Kovalev <matvey.kovalev@ispras.ru>
Date: Wed Sep 17 22:20:01 2025 +0300
wifi: ath11k: fix NULL dereference in ath11k_qmi_m3_load()
commit 3fd2ef2ae2b5c955584a3bee8e83ae7d7a98f782 upstream.
If ab->fw.m3_data points to data, then fw pointer remains null.
Further, if m3_mem is not allocated, then fw is dereferenced to be
passed to ath11k_err function.
Replace fw->size by m3_len.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Fixes: 7db88b962f06 ("wifi: ath11k: add firmware-2.bin support")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Matvey Kovalev <matvey.kovalev@ispras.ru>
Reviewed-by: Baochen Qiang <baochen.qiang@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasanthakumar Thiagarajan <vasanthakumar.thiagarajan@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250917192020.1340-1-matvey.kovalev@ispras.ru
Signed-off-by: Jeff Johnson <jeff.johnson@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Author: Fedor Pchelkin <pchelkin@ispras.ru>
Date: Sat Sep 20 00:08:47 2025 +0300
wifi: rtw89: fix use-after-free in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()
commit 3e31a6bc07312b448fad3b45de578471f86f0e77 upstream.
There is a bug observed when rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() tries to
access already freed skb_data:
BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free write in rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110
CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 41377 Comm: kworker/u64:24 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1+ #1 PREEMPT(lazy)
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS edk2-20250523-14.fc42 05/23/2025
Workqueue: events_unbound cfg80211_wiphy_work [cfg80211]
Use-after-free write at 0x0000000020309d9d (in kfence-#251):
rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:1110
rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338
rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979
rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165
rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.h:141
rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012
rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059
rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758
process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241
worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400
kthread kernel/kthread.c:463
ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154
ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258
kfence-#251: 0x0000000056e2393d-0x000000009943cb62, size=232, cache=skbuff_head_cache
allocated by task 41377 on cpu 6 at 77869.159548s (0.009551s ago):
__alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:659
__netdev_alloc_skb net/core/skbuff.c:734
ieee80211_nullfunc_get net/mac80211/tx.c:5844
rtw89_core_send_nullfunc drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:3431
rtw89_core_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.c:5338
rtw89_hw_scan_complete_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:7979
rtw89_chanctx_proceed_cb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3165
rtw89_chanctx_proceed drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/chan.c:3194
rtw89_hw_scan_complete drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:8012
rtw89_mac_c2h_scanofld_rsp drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/mac.c:5059
rtw89_fw_c2h_work drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/fw.c:6758
process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3241
worker_thread kernel/workqueue.c:3400
kthread kernel/kthread.c:463
ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154
ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258
freed by task 1045 on cpu 9 at 77869.168393s (0.001557s ago):
ieee80211_tx_status_skb net/mac80211/status.c:1117
rtw89_pci_release_txwd_skb drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:564
rtw89_pci_release_tx_skbs.isra.0 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:651
rtw89_pci_release_tx drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:676
rtw89_pci_napi_poll drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:4238
__napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7495
net_rx_action net/core/dev.c:7557 net/core/dev.c:7684
handle_softirqs kernel/softirq.c:580
do_softirq.part.0 kernel/softirq.c:480
__local_bh_enable_ip kernel/softirq.c:407
rtw89_pci_interrupt_threadfn drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/pci.c:927
irq_thread_fn kernel/irq/manage.c:1133
irq_thread kernel/irq/manage.c:1257
kthread kernel/kthread.c:463
ret_from_fork arch/x86/kernel/process.c:154
ret_from_fork_asm arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:258
It is a consequence of a race between the waiting and the signaling side
of the completion:
Waiting thread Completing thread
rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait()
rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data->wait, wait)
/* start waiting */
wait_for_completion_timeout()
rtw89_pci_tx_status()
rtw89_core_tx_wait_complete()
rcu_read_lock()
/* signals completion and
* proceeds further
*/
complete(&wait->completion)
rcu_read_unlock()
...
/* frees skb_data */
ieee80211_tx_status_ni()
/* returns (exit status doesn't matter) */
wait_for_completion_timeout()
...
/* accesses the already freed skb_data */
rcu_assign_pointer(skb_data->wait, NULL)
The completing side might proceed and free the underlying skb even before
the waiting side is fully awoken and run to execution. Actually the race
happens regardless of wait_for_completion_timeout() exit status, e.g.
the waiting side may hit a timeout and the concurrent completing side is
still able to free the skb.
Skbs which are sent by rtw89_core_tx_kick_off_and_wait() are owned by the
driver. They don't come from core ieee80211 stack so no need to pass them
to ieee80211_tx_status_ni() on completing side.
Introduce a work function which will act as a garbage collector for
rtw89_tx_wait_info objects and the associated skbs. Thus no potentially
heavy locks are required on the completing side.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org).
Fixes: 1ae5ca615285 ("wifi: rtw89: add function to wait for completion of TX skbs")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Fedor Pchelkin <pchelkin@ispras.ru>
Acked-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250919210852.823912-2-pchelkin@ispras.ru
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>