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dkio (7)
  • >> dkio (7) ( Solaris man: Макропакеты и соглашения )
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    NAME

    dkio - disk control operations
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

    #include <sys/dkio.h> 
    

    #include <sys/vtoc.h> 
    

     

    DESCRIPTION

    Disk drivers support a set of ioctl(2) requests for disk controller, geometry, and partition information. Basic to these ioctl() requests are the definitions in <sys/dkio.h>.  

    IOCTLS

    The following ioctl() requests set and/or retrieve the current disk controller, partitions, or geometry information on all architectures:

    DKIOCINFO

    The argument is a pointer to a dk_cinfo structure (described below). This structure tells the controller-type and attributes regarding bad-block processing done on the controller.

    /*
    * Structures and definitions for disk I/O control commands
    */
    #define DK_DEVLEN       16   /* device name max length, */
                          /* including unit # and NULL */ 
                          /* Used for controller info */
    struct dk_cinfo {
        char      dki_cname[DK_DEVLEN];    /* controller name */
                                           /*(no unit #)*/
        ushort_t  dki_ctype;               /* controller type */
        ushort_t  dki_flags;               /* flags */
        ushort_t  dki_cnum;                /* controller number */
        uint_t    dki_addr;                /* controller address */
        uint_t    dki_space;               /* controller bus type */
        uint_t    dki_prio;                /* interrupt priority */
        uint_t    dki_vec;                 /* interrupt vector */
        char      dki_dname[DK_DEVLEN];    /* drive name (no unit #) */
        uint_t    dki_unit;                /* unit number */
        uint_t    dki_slave;               /* slave number */
        ushort_t  dki_partition;           /* partition number */
        ushort_t  dki_maxtransfer;         /* maximum transfer size */
                                           /* in DEV_BSIZE */
    
        };
        /*
         * Controller types
         */
    
        #define DKC_UNKNOWN      0
        #define DKC_CDROM        1         /* CD-ROM, SCSI or other */
        #define DKC_WDC2880      2
        #define DKC_XXX_0        3         /* unassigned */
        #define DKC_XXX_1        4         /* unassigned */
        #define DKC_DSD5215      5
        #define DKC_ACB4000      7
        #define DKC_XXX_2        9         /* unassigned */
        #define DKC_NCRFLOPPY    10
        #define DKC_SMSFLOPPY    12
        #define DKC_SCSI_CCS     13        /* SCSI CCS compatible */
        #define DKC_INTEL82072   14        /* native floppy chip */
        #define DKC_MD           16        /* meta-disk (virtual-disk) */
                                           /* driver */
        #define DKC_INTEL82077   19        /* 82077 floppy disk */
                                           /* controller */
        #define DKC_DIRECT       20        /* Intel direct attached */
                                           /* device (IDE) */
        #define DKC_PCMCIA_MEM   21        /* PCMCIA memory disk-like */
                                           /* type */
        #define DKC_PCMCIA_ATA   22        /* PCMCIA AT Attached type */
    
        /*
         * Sun reserves up through 1023
         */
    
        #define DKC_CUSTOMER_BASE  1024
    
        /*
         * Flags
         */
    
        #define DKI_BAD144       0x01          /* use  DEC  std  144  */
                                               /* bad  sector fwding */
        #define DKI_MAPTRK       0x02          /* controller does */
                                               /* track mapping */
        #define DKI_FMTTRK       0x04          /* formats only  full  
                                               /* track at a time*/
        #define DKI_FMTVOL       0x08          /* formats only full */
                                               /* volume at a time*/
        #define DKI_FMTCYL       0x10          /* formats only full */
                                               /* cylinders at a time*/
        #define DKI_HEXUNIT      0x20          /* unit number printed as */
                                               /* 3 hexdigits */
        #define DKI_PCMCIA_PFD   0x40          /* PCMCIA pseudo-floppy */
                                               /* memory card */
    

    DKIOCGAPART

    The argument is a pointer to a dk_allmap structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the controller's notion of the current partition table for disk drive.

    DKIOCSAPART

    The argument is a pointer to a dk_allmap structure (described below). This ioctl() sets the controller's notion of the partition table without changing the disk itself.

    /*
    * Partition map (part of dk_label)
    */ struct dk_map {
        daddr_t dkl_cylno;     /* starting cylinder */
        daddr_t dkl_nblk;      /* number of blocks */
        };
    /*
    * Used for all partitions
    */
    struct dk_map {
    struct dk_allmap {
    struct dk_map dka_map[NDKMAP];
    };
    

    DKIOCGGEOM

    The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the controller's notion of the current geometry of the disk drive.

    DKIOCSGEOM

    The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() sets the controller's notion of the geometry without changing the disk itself.

    DKIOCGVTOC

    The argument is a pointer to a vtoc structure (described below). This ioctl() returns the device's current volume table of contents (VTOC.) For disks larger than 1TB, DKIOCGEXTVTOC must be used instead.

    DKIOCSVTOC

    The argument is a pointer to a vtoc structure (described below). This ioctl() changes the VTOC associated with the device. For disks larger than 1TB, DKIOCSEXTVTOC must be used instead.

    struct partition {
    ushort_t      p_tag;         /* ID tag of partition */
    ushort_t      p_flag;        /* permission flags */ 
    daddr_t       p_start;       /* start sector of partition */ 
    long          p_size;        /* # of blocks in partition */ 
    }; 
    

    If DKIOCSVTOC is used with a floppy diskette, the p_start field must be the first sector of a cylinder. To compute the number of sectors per cylinder, multiply the number of heads by the number of sectors per track.

    struct vtoc {      
    unsigned long     v_bootinfo[3];               /* info needed by mboot
                                                  /* (unsupported)*/ 
    unsigned long     v_sanity;                    /* to verify vtoc sanity */
    unsigned long     v_version;                   /* layout version */ 
    char              v_volume[LEN_DKL_VVOL];      /* volume name */
    ushort_t          v_sectorsz;                  
        sector size in bytes*/                      
    ushort_t          v_nparts;                    
        number of partitions*/                       
    unsigned long     v_reserved[10];              /* free space */ 
    struct partition  v_part[V_NUMPAR];            /* partition headers*/ 
    time_t            timestamp[V_NUMPAR];         /* partition timestamp 
                                                  /* (unsupported)*/ 
    char              v_asciilabel[LEN_DKL_ASCII]; /* compatibility */ 
    };       
    
    /*       
    * Partition permission flags       
    */       
    
    #define V_UNMNT      0x01    /* Unmountable partition */ 
    #define V_RONLY      0x10    /* Read only */ 
    
    /*       
    * Partition identification tags       
    */       
    
    #define V_UNASSIGNED   0x00  /* unassigned partition */ 
    #define V_BOOT         0x01  /* Boot partition */ 
    #define V_ROOT         0x02  /* Root filesystem */ 
    #define V_SWAP         0x03  /* Swap filesystem */ 
    #define V_USR          0x04  /* Usr filesystem */ 
    #define V_BACKUP       0x05  /* full disk */ 
    #define V_VAR          0x07  /* Var partition */ 
    #define V_HOME         0x08  /* Home partition */ 
    #define V_ALTSCTR      0x09  /* Alternate sector partition */  
    

    DKIOCGEXTVTOC

    The argument is a pointer to an extvtoc structure (described below). This ioctl returns the device's current volume table of contents (VTOC). VTOC is extended to support a disk up to 2TB in size. For disks larger than 1TB this ioctl must be used instead of DKIOCGVTOC.

    DKIOCSEXTVTOC:

    The argument is a pointer to an extvtoc structure (described below). This ioctl changes the VTOC associated with the device. VTOC is extended to support a disk up to 2TB in size. For disks larger than 1TB this ioctl must be used instead of DKIOCSVTOC.

    struct extpartition {
    ushort_t p_tag;         /* ID tag of partition */
    ushort_t p_flag;        /* permission flags */
    ushort_t p_pad[2];       /* reserved */
    diskaddr_t p_start;      /* start sector no of partition */
    diskaddr_t p_size;       /* # of blocks in partition */
    };
    
    
    struct extvtoc {
    uint64_t   v_bootinfo[3]; /* info needed by mboot (unsupported) */
    uint64_t   v_sanity;     /* to verify vtoc sanity */
    uint64_t   v_version;    /* layout version */
    char    v_volume[LEN_DKL_VVOL]; /* volume name */
    ushort_t   v_sectorsz;   /* sector size in bytes */
    ushort_t   v_nparts;     /* number of partitions */
    ushort_t   pad[2];
    uint64_t   v_reserved[10];
    struct extpartition v_part[V_NUMPAR]; /* partition headers */
    uint64_t timestamp[V_NUMPAR];   /* partition timestamp (unsupported) */
    char    v_asciilabel[LEN_DKL_ASCII];    /* for compatibility */
    };
    
    Partition permissions flags and identification tags 
    are defined the same as vtoc structure.
    

    DKIOCEJECT

    If the drive supports removable media, this ioctl() requests the disk drive to eject its disk.

    DKIOCREMOVABLE

    The argument to this ioctl() is an integer. After successful completion, this ioctl() sets that integer to a non-zero value if the drive in question has removable media. If the media is not removable, the integer is set to 0.

    DKIOCHOTPLUGGABLE

    The argument to this ioctl() is an integer. After successful completion, this ioctl() sets that integer to a non-zero value if the drive in question is hotpluggable. If the media is not hotpluggable, the integer is set to 0.

    DKIOCSTATE

    This ioctl() blocks until the state of the drive, inserted or ejected, is changed. The argument is a pointer to a dkio_state, enum, whose possible enumerations are listed below. The initial value should be either the last reported state of the drive, or DKIO_NONE. Upon return, the enum pointed to by the argument is updated with the current state of the drive.

    enum dkio_state { 
    DKIO_NONE,          /* Return disk's current state */ 
    DKIO_EJECTED,       /* Disk state is 'ejected' */ 
    DKIO_INSERTED       /* Disk state is 'inserted' */ 
    };
    

    DKIOCLOCK

    For devices with removable media, this ioctl() requests the disk drive to lock the door.

    DKIOCUNLOCK

    For devices with removable media, this ioctl() requests the disk drive to unlock the door.

    DKIOCGMEDIAINFO

    The argument to this ioctl() is a pointer to a dk_minfo structure. The structure indicates the type of media or the command set profile used by the drive to operate on the media. The dk_minfo structure also indicates the logical media blocksize the drive uses as the basic unit blocksize of operation and the raw formatted capacity of the media in number of logical blocks.

    /*       
    * Used for media info or profile info       
    */       
    struct dk_minfo {
    uint_t            dki_media_type; /* Media type or profile info */
    uint_t        dki_lbsize;     /* Logical blocksize of media */
    diskaddr_t        dki_capacity;  /* Capacity as # of dki_lbsize blks */
    };
    /*
    * Media types or profiles known
    */
    #define DK_UNKNOWN              0x00    /* Media inserted - type unknown */
    
    /*
    * SFF 8090 Specification Version 3, media types 0x01 - 0xfffe are retained to
    * maintain compatibility with SFF8090.  The following define the
    * optical media type.
    */
    #define DK_MO_ERASABLE          0x03 /* MO Erasable */
    #define DK_MO_WRITEONCE         0x04 /* MO Write once */
    #define DK_AS_MO                0x05 /* AS MO */
    #define DK_CDROM                0x08 /* CDROM */
    #define DK_CDR                  0x09 /* CD-R */
    #define DK_CDRW                 0x0A /* CD-RW */
    #define DK_DVDROM               0x10 /* DVD-ROM */
    #define DK_DVDR                 0x11 /* DVD-R */
    #define DK_DVDRAM               0x12 /* DVD_RAM or DVD-RW */
    
    /*
    * Media types for other rewritable magnetic media
    */
    #define DK_FIXED_DISK           0x10001 /* Fixed disk SCSI or otherwise */
    #define DK_FLOPPY               0x10002 /* Floppy media */
    #define DK_ZIP                  0x10003 /* IOMEGA ZIP media */
    #define DK_JAZ                  0x10004 /* IOMEGA JAZ media */
    

    If the media exists and the host can obtain a current profile list, the command succeeds and returns the dk_minfo structure with data representing that media.

    If there is no media in the drive, the command fails and the host returns an ENXIO error, indicating that it cannot gather the information requested.

    If the profile list is not available, the host attempts to identify the media-type based on the available information.

    If identification is not possible, the host returns media type DK_UNKNOWN. See NOTES for blocksize usage and capacity information.

    DKIOCSMBOOT

    The argument is a pointer to struct mboot.

    Copies the mboot information supplied in the argument to the absolute sector 0 of the device. Prior to copying the information, this ioctl() performs the following checks on the mboot data:

    o Ensures that the signature field is set to 0xAA55.
    o Ensures that partitions do not overlap.
    o On SPARC platforms, determines if the device is a removable media.
    If the above verification fails, errno is set to EINVAL and the ioctl() command fails.

    x86 Platforms --- Upon successful write of mboot, the partition map structure maintained in the driver is updated. If the new Solaris partition is different from the previous one, the internal VTOC table maintained in the driver is set as follows:

    If _SUNOS_VTOC_8 is defined:

    Partition: 0. Start: 0. Capacity = Capacity of device.

    Partition: 2. Start: 0. Capacity = Capacity of device.

    If _SUNOS_VTOC_16 is defined:

    Partition: 2. Start: 0. Size = Size specified in mboot - 2 cylinders.

    Partition: 8. Start: 0. Size = Sectors/cylinder.

    Partition: 9. Start: Sectors/cylinder. Size = 2 * sectors/cylinder

    To determine if the Solaris partition has changed:

    If either offset or the size of the Solaris partition is different from the previous one then it shall be deemed to have changed. In all other cases, the internal VTOC info remains as before.

    SPARC Platforms --- The VTOC label and mboot both occupy the same location, namely sector 0. As a result, following the successful write of mboot info, the internal VTOC table maintained in the driver is set as follows:

    Partition: 0. Start: 0. Size = Capacity of device.

    Partition: 2. Start: 0. Size = Capacity of device.

    See the NOTES section for usage of DKIOCSMBOOT when modifying Solaris partitions.

    DKIOCGETVOLCAP

    This ioctl provides information and status of available capabilities.

    vc_info is a bitmap and the valid flag values are:

    DKV_ABR_CAP -  Capable of application-based recovery
    DKV_DMR_CAP -  Ability to read specific copy of data when 
                  multiple copies exist. For example, in a two 
                  way mirror, this ioctl is used to read each
                  side of the mirror. 
    

    vc_set is a bitmap and the valid flag values are:

    DKV_ABR_CAP - This flag is set if ABR has been set on a device
                 that supports ABR functionality.
    DKV_DMR_CAP - Directed read has been enabled. 
    

    Note: These capabilities are not required to be persistent across a system reboot and their persistence depends upon the implementation. For example, if the ABR capability for a DRL mirror simply clears the dirty-region list and subseqently stops updating this list, there is no reason for persistence because the VM recovery is a no-op. Conversely, if the ABR capability is applied to a non-DRL mirror to indicate that the VM should not perform a full recovery of the mirror following a system crash, the capability must be persistent so that the VM know whether or not to perform recovery.

    Return Errors:

    EINVAL --- Invalid device for this operation.

    ENOTSUP --- Functionality that is attempted to be set is not supported.

    DKIOCSETVOLCAP

    This ioctl sets the available capabilities for the device. If a capability flag is not set in vc_set, that capability is cleared.

    vc_info flags are ignored

    vc_set valid flags are:

    DKV_ABR_CAP - Flag to set application-based recovery. A device can
                 successfully support ABR only if it is capable. 
    DKV_DMR_CAP - Flag to set directed read.
    
    
    int
    ioctl(int , DKIODMR, vol_directed_rd *);
    

    DKIODMR

    This ioctl allows highly available applications to perform round-robin reads from the underlying devices of a replicated device.

    vdr_offset      - offset at which the read should occur.
    vdr_nbytes      - number of bytes to be read
    vdr_bytesread   - number of bytes successfully read by the kernel.
    vdr_data        - pointer to a user allocated buffer to return the data
                     read 
    vdr_side        - side to be read. Initialized to DKV_SIDE_INIT
    vdr_side_name   - The volume name that has been read.
    
    Valid vdr_flags are:
         DKV_DMR_NEXT_SIDE (set by user)
         DKV_DMR_DONE (return value)
         DKV_DMR_ERROR (return value)
         DKV_DMR_SUCCESS(return value)
         DKV_DMR_SHORT(return value)
    

    The calling sequence is as follows: The caller sets the vdr_flags to DK_DMR_NEXT_SIDE and vdr_side to DKV_SIDE_INIT at the start. Subsequent calls should be made without any changes to these values. If they are changed the results of the ioctl are indeterminate.

    When DKV_SIDE_INIT is set, the call results in the kernel reading from the first side. The kernel updates vdr_side to indicate the side that was read, and vdr_side_name to contain the name of that side. vdr_data contains the data that was read. Therefore to perform a round-robin read all of the valid sides, there is no need for the caller to change the contents of vdr_side.

    Subsequent ioctl calls result in reads from the next valid side until all valid sides have been read. On success, the kernel sets DKV_DMR_SUCCESS. The following table shows the values of vdr_flags that are returned when an error occurs:

    vdr_flags    |   vdr_side        |       Notes
    -------------|-------------------|----------------------------
    DKV_DMR_ERROR|   DKV_SIDE_INIT   |   No valid side to read
    DKV_DMR_DONE |   Not Init side   |   All valid sides read
    DKV_DMR_SHORT|   Any value       |   Bytes requested cannot
                                        be read. vdr_bytesread
                                        set to bytes actually
                                        read.
    

    Typical code fragment:
    
    enable->vc_set |= DKV_ABR_SET;
    retval = ioctl(filedes, DKIOSETVOLCAP, enable);
    if (retval != EINVAL || retval != ENOTSUP) {
           if (info->vc_set & DKV_DMR_SET) {
                   dr->vdr_flags |= DKV_DMR_NEXT_SIDE;
                   dr->vdr_side = DKV_SIDE_INIT;
                   dr->vdr_nbytes = 1024;
                   dr->vdr_offset = 0xff00;
                   do {
                           rval =ioctl(fildes, DKIODMR, dr);
                           if (rval != EINVAL) {
                                   /* Process data */
                           }
                   } while (rval != EINVAL || dr->vdr_flags &
                       (DKV_DMR_DONE | DKV_DMR_ERROR | DKV_DMR_SHORT)
           }
    }
    

     

    RETURN VALUES

    Upon successful completion, the value returned is 0. Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.  

    x86 Only

    The following ioctl() requests set and/or retrieve the current disk controller, partitions, or geometry information on the x86 architecture.

    DKIOCG_PHYGEOM


     The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the driver's notion of the physical geometry of the disk drive. It is functionally identical to the DKIOCGGEOM ioctl().

    DKIOCG_VIRTGEOM

    The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the controller's (and hence the driver's) notion of the virtual geometry of the disk drive. Virtual geometry is a view of the disk geometry maintained by the firmware in a host bus adapter or disk controller. If the disk is larger than 8 Gbytes, this ioctl fails because a CHS-based geometry is not relevant or useful for this drive.

    /*  
    * Definition of a disk's geometry  
    */
    */struct dk_geom { 
    unsigned shor    dkg_ncyl;             /* # of data cylinders */ 
    unsigned shor    dkg_acyl;             /* # of alternate cylinders */  
    unsigned short   dkg_bcyl;             /* cyl offset (for fixed head area) */
    unsigned short   dkg_nhead;            /* # of heads */      
    unsigned short   dkg_obs1;             /* obsolete */      
    unsigned short   dkg_nsect;            /* # of sectors per track*/
    unsigned short   dkg_intrlv;           /* interleave factor */ 
    unsigned short   dkg_obs2;             /* obsolete */  
    unsigned short   dkg_obs3;             /* obsolete */ 
    unsigned short   dkg_apc;              /* alternates per cylinder */
                                          /* (SCSI only) */  
    unsigned short   dkg_rpm;              /* revolutions per min*/ 
    unsigned short   dkg_pcyl;             /* # of physical cylinders */ 
    unsigned short   dkg_write_reinstruct; /* # sectors to skip, writes*/
    unsigned short   dkg_read_reinstruct;  /* # sectors to skip, reads*/ 
    unsigned short   dkg_extra[7];         /* for compatible expansion*/
    };
    

    DKIOCADDBAD

    This ioctl() forces the driver to re-examine the alternates slice and rebuild the internal bad block map accordingly. It should be used whenever the alternates slice is changed by any method other than the addbadsec(1M) or format(1M) utilities. DKIOCADDBAD can only be used for software remapping on IDE drives; SCSI drives use hardware remapping of alternate sectors.

    DKIOCPARTINFO

    The argument is a pointer to a part_info structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the driver's notion of the size and extent of the partition or slice indicated by the file descriptor argument.

    /*
    * Used by applications to get partition or slice information
    */
    struct part_info {
    daddr_t    p_start;
    int        p_length;
         };
    

    DKIOCEXTPARTINFO

    The argument is a pointer to an extpart_info structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the driver's notion of the size and extent of the partition or slice indicated by the file descriptor argument. On disks larger than 1TB, this ioctl must be used instead of DKIOCPARTINFO.

    /*
    * Used by applications to get partition or slice information
    */
    struct extpart_info {
    diskkaddr_t      p_start;
    diskaddr_t      p_length;
    };
    

     

    SEE ALSO

    fdisk(1M), format(1M), ioctl(2), sd(7D), cdio(7I), fdio(7I), hdio(7I)  

    x86 Only

    addbadsec(1M), cmdk(7D)  

    NOTES

    Blocksize information provided in DKIOCGMEDIAINFO is the size (in bytes) of the device's basic unit of operation and may differ from the blocksize that the Solaris operating environment exports to the user. Capacity information provided in the DKIOCGMEDIAINFO are for reference only and you are advised to use the values returned by DKIOCGGEOM or other appropriate ioctl for accessing data using the standard interfaces.

    For x86 only: If the DKIOCSMBOOT command is used to modify the Solaris partitions, the VTOC information should also be set appropriately to reflect the the changes to partition. Failure to do so will lead to unexpected results when the device is closed and re-opened fresh at a later time. This is because a default VTOC is assumed by driver when a Solaris partition is changed. The default VTOC will persist until the ioctl DKIOCSVTOC is called to modify VTOC or the device is closed and re-opened. At that point, the old valid VTOC will be read from the disk if it is still available.


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    IOCTLS
    RETURN VALUES
    x86 Only
    SEE ALSO
    x86 Only
    NOTES


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