#include <sys/stat.h> int
chmod (const char *path mode_t mode); int
fchmod (int fd mode_t mode); int
lchmod (const char *path mode_t mode);
DESCRIPTION
The file permission bits of the file named specified by
Fa path
or referenced by the file descriptor
Fa fd
are changed to
Fa mode .
The
chmod ();
system call verifies that the process owner (user) either owns
the file specified by
Fa path
(or
Fa fd ) ,
or
is the super-user.
The
chmod ();
system call follows symbolic links to operate on the target of the link
rather than the link itself.
The
lchmod ();
system call is similar to
chmod ();
but does not follow symbolic links.
A mode is created from
or'd
permission bit masks
defined in
In sys/stat.h :
#define S_IRWXU 0000700 /* RWX mask for owner */
#define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* R for owner */
#define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* W for owner */
#define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* X for owner */
#define S_IRWXG 0000070 /* RWX mask for group */
#define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* R for group */
#define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* W for group */
#define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* X for group */
#define S_IRWXO 0000007 /* RWX mask for other */
#define S_IROTH 0000004 /* R for other */
#define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* W for other */
#define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* X for other */
#define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
#define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
#ifndef __BSD_VISIBLE
#define S_ISTXT 0001000 /* sticky bit */
#endif
The
Fx VM system totally ignores the sticky bit
(ISTXT
)
for executables.
On UFS-based file systems (FFS, LFS) the sticky
bit may only be set upon directories.
If mode
ISTXT
(the `sticky bit') is set on a directory,
an unprivileged user may not delete or rename
files of other users in that directory.
The sticky bit may be
set by any user on a directory which the user owns or has appropriate
permissions.
For more details of the properties of the sticky bit, see
sticky(8).
If mode ISUID (set UID) is set on a directory,
and the MNT_SUIDDIR option was used in the mount of the file system,
then the owner of any new files and sub-directories
created within this directory are set
to be the same as the owner of that directory.
If this function is enabled, new directories will inherit
the bit from their parents.
Execute bits are removed from
the file, and it will not be given to root.
This behavior does not change the
requirements for the user to be allowed to write the file, but only the eventual
owner after it has been created.
Group inheritance is not affected.
This feature is designed for use on fileservers serving PC users via
ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk.
It provides security holes for shell users and as
such should not be used on shell machines, especially on home directories.
This option requires the SUIDDIR
option in the kernel to work.
Only UFS file systems support this option.
For more details of the suiddir mount option, see
mount(8).
Writing or changing the owner of a file
turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits
unless the user is the super-user.
This makes the system somewhat more secure
by protecting set-user-id (set-group-id) files
from remaining set-user-id (set-group-id) if they are modified,
at the expense of a degree of compatibility.
RETURN VALUES
Rv -std
ERRORS
The
chmod ();
system call
will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if:
Bq Er ENOTDIR
A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
Bq Er ENOENT
The named file does not exist.
Bq Er EACCES
Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
Bq Er ELOOP
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
Bq Er EPERM
The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and
the effective user ID is not the super-user.
Bq Er EPERM
The effective user ID is not the super-user, the effective user ID do match the
owner of the file, but the group ID of the file does not match the effective
group ID nor one of the supplementary group IDs.
Bq Er EPERM
The named file has its immutable or append-only flag set, see the
chflags(2)
manual page for more information.
Bq Er EROFS
The named file resides on a read-only file system.
Bq Er EFAULT
The
Fa path
argument
points outside the process's allocated address space.
Bq Er EIO
An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
Bq Er EFTYPE
The effective user ID is not the super-user, the mode includes the sticky bit
( S_ISVTX )
and path does not refer to a directory.
The
fchmod ();
system call will fail if:
Bq Er EBADF
The descriptor is not valid.
Bq Er EINVAL
The
Fa fd
argument
refers to a socket, not to a file.
Bq Er EROFS
The file resides on a read-only file system.
Bq Er EIO
An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
