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perlhpux ()
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    NAME

         README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX)
         systems
    
    
    

    DESCRIPTION

         This document describes various features of HP's Unix
         operating system (HP-UX) that will affect how Perl version 5
         (hereafter just Perl) is compiled and/or runs.
    
         Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
    
         When compiling Perl, the use of an ANSI C compiler is highly
         recommended.  The C compiler that ships with all HP-UX
         systems is a K&R compiler that should only be used to build
         new kernels.
    
         Perl can be compiled with either HP's ANSI C compiler or
         with gcc.  The former is recommended, as not only can it
         compile Perl with no difficulty, but also can take advantage
         of features listed later that require the use of HP
         compiler-specific command-line flags.
    
         If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is
         recent and complete, and be sure to read the Perl README
         file for more gcc-specific details.
    
         PA-RISC
    
         HP's current Unix systems run on its own Precision
         Architecture (PA-RISC) chip.  HP-UX used to run on the
         Motorola MC68000 family of chips, but any machine with this
         chip in it is quite obsolete and this document will not
         attempt to address issues for compiling Perl on the Motorola
         chipset.
    
         The most recent version of PA-RISC at the time of this
         document's last update is 2.0.
    
         PA-RISC 1.0
    
         The original version of PA-RISC, HP no longer sells any
         system with this chip.
    
         The following systems contain PA-RISC 1.0 chips:
    
             600, 635, 645, 800, 808, 815, 822, 825, 832, 834, 835, 840,
             842, 845, 850, 852, 855, 860, 865, 870, 890
    
    
    
         PA-RISC 1.1
    
         An upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it shipped for many years
         in many different system.
    
         The following systems contain with PA-RISC 1.1 chips:
    
             705, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 725, 728, 730, 735, 743, 745, 747, 750,
             755, 770, 807S, 817S, 827S, 837S, 847S, 857S, 867S, 877S, 887S, 897S,
             D200, D210, D220, D230, D250, D260, D310, D320, D330, D350, D360, D400,
             E25, E35, E45, E55, F10, F20, F30, G30, G40, G50, G60, G70, H30, H40,
             H50, H60, H70, I30, I40, I50, I60, I70, K100, K200, K210, K220, K400,
             K410, K420, T500, T520
    
    
         PA-RISC 2.0
    
         The most recent upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it added
         support for 64-bit integer data.
    
         The following systems contain PA-RISC 2.0 chips (this is
         very likely to be out of date):
    
             D270, D280, D370, D380, K250, K260, K370, K380, K450, K460, K570, K580,
             T600, V2200
    
         A complete list of models at the time the OS was built is in
         the file /opt/langtools/lib/sched.models.  The first column
         corresponds to the output of the "uname -m" command (without
         the leading "9000/").  The second column is the PA-RISC
         version and the third column is the exact chip type used.
    
         Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
    
         An executable compiled on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform will not
         execute on a PA-RISC 1.1 platform, even if they are running
         the same version of HP-UX.  If you are building Perl on a
         PA-RISC 2.0 platform and want that Perl to to also run on a
         PA-RISC 1.1, the compiler flags +DAportable and +DS32 should
         be used.
    
         It is no longer possible to compile PA-RISC 1.0 executables
         on either the PA-RISC 1.1 or 2.0 platforms.
    
         Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
    
         HP-UX supports dynamically loadable libraries (shared
         libraries).  Shared libraries end with the suffix .sl.
    
         Shared libraries created on a platform using a particular
         PA-RISC version are not usable on platforms using an earlier
         PA-RISC version by default.  However, this backwards
         compatibility may be enabled using the same +DAportable
         compiler flag (with the same PA-RISC 1.0 caveat mentioned
         above).
    
         To create a shared library, the following steps must be
         performed:
    
             1. Compile source modules with +z or +Z flag to create a .o module
                which contains Position-Independent Code (PIC).  The linker will
                tell you in the next step if +Z was needed.
    
             2. Link the shared library using the -b flag.  If the code calls
                any functions in other system libraries (e.g., libm), it must
                be included on this line.
    
         (Note that these steps are usually handled automatically by
         the extension's Makefile).
    
         If these dependent libraries are not listed at shared
         library creation time, you will get fatal "Unresolved
         symbol" errors at run time when the library is loaded.
    
         You may create a shared library that referers to another
         library, which may be either an archive library or a shared
         library.  If it is a shared library, this is called a
         "dependent library".  The dependent library's name is
         recorded in the main shared library, but it is not linked
         into the shared library.  Instead, it is loaded when the
         main shared library is loaded.
    
         If the referred library is an archive library, then it is
         treated as a simple collection of .o modules (all of which
         must contain PIC).  These modules are then linked into the
         shared library.
    
         Note that it is okay to create a library which contains a
         dependent library that is already linked into perl.
    
         It is no longer possible to link PA-RISC 1.0 shared
         libraries.
    
         The HP ANSI C Compiler
    
         When using this compiler to build Perl, you should make sure
         that the flag -Aa is added to the cpprun and cppstdin
         variables in the config.sh file.
    
         Using Large Files with Perl
    
         Beginning with HP-UX version 10.20, files larger than 2GB
         (2^31) may be created and manipulated.  Three separate
         methods of doing this are available.  Of these methods, the
         best method for Perl is to compile using the
         -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 compiler flag.  This causes Perl to
         be compiled using structures and functions in which these
         are 64 bits wide, rather than 32 bits wide.
    
         There are only two drawbacks to this approach:  the first is
         that the seek and tell functions (both the builtin version
         and the POSIX module's version) will not correctly function
         for these large files (the offset arguments in seek and tell
         are implemented as type long).  The second is that any
         extension which calls any file-manipulating C function will
         need to be recompiled using the above-mentioned
         -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 flag.  The list of functions that
         will need to recompiled is:  creat,         fgetpos,  fopen,
         freopen,  fsetpos,  fstat,
         fstatvfs, fstatvfsdev,   ftruncate,
         ftw,      lockf,         lseek,
         lstat,         mmap,          nftw,
         open,          prealloc, stat,
         statvfs,  statvfsdev,    tmpfile,
         truncate, getrlimit,     setrlimit
    
         Threaded Perl
    
         It is impossible to compile a version of threaded Perl on
         any version of HP-UX before 10.30, and it is strongly
         suggested that you be running on HP-UX 11.00 at least.
    
         To compile Perl with thread, add -Dusethreads to the
         arguments of Configure.  Ensure that the
         -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L compiler flag is automatically
         added to the list of flags.  Also make sure that -lpthread
         is listed before -lc in the list of libraries to link Perl
         with.
    
         As of the date of this document, Perl threads are not fully
         supported on HP-UX.
    
         64-bit Perl
    
         Beginning with HP-UX 11.00, programs compiled under HP-UX
         can take advantage of the LP64 programming environment (LP64
         means Longs and Pointers are 64 bits wide).
    
         Work is being performed on Perl to make it 64-bit compliant
         on all versions of Unix.  Once this is complete, scalar
         variables will be able to hold numbers larger than 2^32 with
         complete precision.
    
         As of the date of this document, Perl is not 64-bit
         compliant on HP-UX.
    
         Should a user wish to experiment with compiling Perl in the
         LP64 environment, the following steps must be taken:
         libraries must be searched only within /lib/pa20_64, the
         compiler flag +DD64 must be used, and the C library is now
         located at /lib/pa20_64/libc.sl.
    
         On the brighter side, the large file problem goes away, as
         longs are now 64 bits wide.
    
         GDBM and Threads
    
         If you attempt to compile Perl with threads on an 11.X
         system and also link in the GDBM library, then Perl will
         immediately core dump when it starts up.  The only
         workaround at this point is to relink the GDBM library under
         11.X, then relink it into Perl.
    
         NFS filesystems and utime(2)
    
         If you are compiling Perl on a remotely-mounted NFS
         filesystem, the test io/fs.t may fail on test #18.  This
         appears to be a bug in HP-UX and no fix is currently
         available.
    
    
    

    AUTHOR

         Jeff Okamoto <okamoto@corp.hp.com>
    
         With much assistance regarding shared libraries from Marc
         Sabatella.
    
    
    

    DATE

         Version 0.2: 1999/03/01
    
    
    
    


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